Wells Fargo And Organizational Culture Change - 1503 Words

Wells Fargo and Organizational Culture Change Wells Fargo, a Fortune 1000 company faced allegations of fraud and unethical behavior. in respect to organizational culture. Every organization is impacted by the cultural environment within the organization as well as in a specific industry which can impact the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. This report begins by identifying the organization, Wells Fargo, by giving a brief history of the organization that was â€Å"founded by William George Fargo (1818-81) and Henry Wells (1805-78) in 1852, (Wells Fargo, 2012). The mission and vision of the organization will be examined in addition to the strategies implemented in the recent past. The vision, values and strategies developed in†¦show more content†¦Cultural change doesn’t happen without action. When looking at organizational change, it starts with conducting an assessment through the use of surveys, interviews, observations and policy reviews. Processes should be implemented to conduct and analyze these steps to aid in creating recommendations for cultural change within the organization. The assessment will guide the development of a strategy in creating the cultural change. Culture change is not easy and will take action at all levels, most importantly at the top. This will begin with the development of an updated mission and vision statement to include values and strategies moving forward. The implementation of new hiring practices, training practices and policies will be discussed to aid in creating the cultural change at Wells Fargo. This report discusses moving from words to action and how Wells Fargo can generate buy in throughout the changes discussed. This report will discuss the option of bringing in a consultant and phase in of proposed changes. Change is ongoing and even after implementation, there is a need for review and follow-up. Wells Fargo has begun to make changes which will be reviewed for effectiveness and effi ciency throughout the sections of this paper. Wells Fargo Organization Wells Fargo is and has been a leader in the banking industry for years. Well Fargo was â€Å"founded by William George Fargo (1818-81) and Henry Wells (1805-78) in 1852, (Wells Fargo, 2012). It started as a stageShow MoreRelatedWells Fargo And Organizational Culture Change1545 Words   |  7 PagesWells Fargo and Organizational Culture Change This report takes a look at the Fortune 1000 company Wells Fargo in respect to organizational culture. Every organization is impacted by the cultural environment within the organization as well as in a specific industry which can impact the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. This report begins by identifying the organization, Wells Fargo, by giving a brief history of the organization that was â€Å"founded by William George Fargo (1818-81)Read MoreCustomer Retention And Customer Satisfaction1192 Words   |  5 Pageshow customers perceive products and services. Because Wells Fargo’s business is focused to building long lasting relationships with customer and adding value to their lives, measuring satisfaction gives the bank an idea of how the company is doing in terms or achieving organizational goals. The positive relationship between quality service and customer satisfaction relays that employees are putting effort toward departmental or organizational goals. Further customer retention is driven by customerRead MoreCompany Analysis : Wells Fargo Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States. Wells Fargo through it Retail Banking locations, offer its customers access to the full array of financial services, including banking, insurance, invest ments, mortgage, and consumer finance. Among the products and services offered by its Retail Banking locations. Like many retail banks it offers a great variety of checking and savings accounts; CDs; ATM, debit and prepaid products; Online Banking and Bill Pay; and remittance products. The complete product offering at Wells includes theRead MoreAn Organization s Corporate Social Responsibility957 Words   |  4 Pagescorporations undertake responsibility for the impact of their organizational pursuits and various activities on their customers, employees, shareholders, communities and the environment. With the high volume of general competition between different companies and organizations in varied fields, CSR has become a morally imperative commitment, more than one enforced by the law. Most organizations in the modern world willingly try to improve the general well-being of not only their employees, but also their familiesRead MoreTop Three Levels Of Management Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesThe top three levels of management in an organization can be categorized in multiple formats: top-m iddle-low, corporate-departmental-supervisory, and executive-tactical-organizational and some. Whichever naming convention one prefers, the basic roles and responsibilities are the same; top level managers focus on the organization as a whole; middle level managers focus on specific business units, product lines or departments; low level managers focus on an office, installation, or facility, and haveRead MoreWells Fargo Scandal Case Analysis Essay2317 Words   |  10 PagesWells Fargo Scandal Wells Fargo founded in 1852 is known for being a financial services company. Wells Fargo provides banking, insurance, investment, mortgage, and consumer and commercial financial services through more than 8,600 locations, 13,000 ATM’s, online, and mobile devices. Wells Fargo is headquartered in San Francisco, California but has a vision of being decentralized from that location. Being decentralized allows each location to act as a headquarters to provide their customers with specificRead MoreThe Internal Business Process Must Align With The New Mission And Vision Essay2384 Words   |  10 Pages The internal business process must align with the new mission and vision. It will take time for consumer trust to be regained, and because of this, internal processes must be at the forefront of the changes. Eliminating sales goals for the long term is a necessary step in aligning the internal business processes with the new mission and vision. Strengthening the company’s e thics and integrity program should be a top priority within internal processes. Standards throughout the company need toRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts751 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior Organizations have been described as groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose. This definition clearly indicates that organizations are not buildings or pieces of machinery. Organizations are, indeed, people who interact to accomplish shared objectives. The study of organizational behavior (OB) and its affiliated subjects helps us understand what people think, feel and do in organizational settings. For managers and, realistically, all employees, thisRead More Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Essay729 Words   |  3 Pages Organizational Behavior Organizations have been described as groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose. This definition clearly indicates that organizations are not buildings or pi eces of machinery. Organizations are, indeed, people who interact to accomplish shared objectives. The study of organizational behavior (OB) and its affiliated subjects helps us understand what people think, feel and do in organizational settings. For managers and, realistically, all employees, thisRead MoreCase Analysis Of Issue At Wells Fargo Essay2297 Words   |  10 PagesAnalysis of Issue at Wells Fargo ADEGOKE MOFOLUWASO East Tennessee State University CASE ANALYSIS ISSUE AT WELLS FARGO Organization values direct the viewpoint of an organization in relation to its actions. Culture and beliefs of an organization should be spelt out to show the values, morals and standards it espouses to be distinct and unique in what it stands for. A big multinational financial institution like Wells Fargo is not excluded from the provision of a well laid down and structured

2018-2019 Common App Essay Samples for Dummies

2018-2019 Common App Essay Samples for Dummies They also ought to make certain that you can write in a very clear and engaging method. She's presently in the wonderful position of having the ability to choose where she wishes to go. Simply speaking, there's a little danger in Jennifer's title. This genuinely is a chance to write about anything you desire! With the inclusion of the subject of your choice option you've got the chance to write about whatever you want to share with the folks in the admissions office. For others, it takes much more time to earn a choice. Then think about whether you'd make the very same decision again and why. But What About 2018-2019 Common App Essay Samples? You're writing a college application essay, and you should know about your audience. Look at these sample college application essays to find out what a prosperous college application essay appears like and stimulate your own creativity. Also, do not forget that the last prompt lets you su bmit a present essay or even create your very own prompt. They promise to think about your essay responses as a substantial element in your general application assessment. The Demise of 2018-2019 Common App Essay Samples Answering this question takes a superb quantity of time and research. Repeat your answer and offer the most meaningful info to demonstrate that you're honest. This topic is full of possibilities. On the other hand, the initial six topics are very broad with lots of flexibility, so make certain your topic really can't be identified with one of them. In general, there's no single correct topic. 2018-2019 Common App Essay Samples and 2018-2019 Common App Essay Samples - The Perfect Combination See how they got in, and the way you can too! That wasn't my quinceanera. Which, since I research it now, isn't particularly impressive. New Step by Step Roadmap for 2018-2019 Common App Essay Samples They also offer insight into the kind of student you may be in coll ege. To be a doctor you ought to be persistent in studying. In many instances, the most prosperous folks are people who have turned their passions in their professions. Instead, she chose to turn into a nutritionist. If it doesn't scare you and it's still true that you would like to turn into a superior medical worker, you need to complete study in a secondary medical school. Every applicant have a special story. And this year will not be any different. No changes are made, so they stay the exact same as last calendar year. You may even be in a position to read examples from previous students to receive your creative juices flowing. The Battle Over 2018-2019 Common App Essay Samples and How to Win It You'll likely pass out. I discovered I was not always perfect. Think about what's important to you and why. Her essay might be speaking about handiwork, but it's also providing evidence of her capacity to take care of the challenges of college-level work. Your missionshou ld you decide to accept itis to compose your most genuine narrative yet. The procedure for your experience is extremely important. For example, you can zoom in on one specific part of your background and identity and the way it informs the manner in which you look at and approach certain things. What you share can be meaningful in a number of ways. However, it should reflect your special perspective whilst clearly communicating your very best self. You also need to connect it to who you are as a man and the way this experience has shaped you somehow. What to Expect From 2018-2019 Common App Essay Samples? Each is appropriate, and the caliber of the essay is what the majority of matters. Within this critique, we will have a look at the characteristics of Vanessa's essay that make it shine as well as a couple areas that could use improvement. Have a look at this blog post for some advice on using an essay you've already written for another intent. Two new essay options are added, and a number of the previous questions are revised. Learn more on the s ubject of essay length. If you want to compose an effective essay, it's time to get familiar with every one of the kinds of essay prompts. All it requires is some thoughtful reflection and a bit of bit of hard work for absolutely any youthful student to locate their voice and compose a compelling reaction to one of these Common App essay prompts. Regardless of what topic you select, allow some time for extra editing. My initial reaction would most likely be typical among admissions officers, and it might not be a sensible strategy to have a title that will to shut down her readers before they even start the essay. Up in Arms About 2018-2019 Common App Essay Samples? This prompt is a superb choice if you wish to explore a single event or achievement that marked a very clear milestone in your private development. A 13-minute mile is absolutely not athletic heroism. And it is not just about making something for the interest of making something. Try to remember the scale isn't a factor, it is crucial to concentrate on why it's significant to you.

Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Answer: Introduction: From the given situation, it can be observed that 100 customers are there. All of the 100 customers have taken participation in the survey in order to provide response. There will be four kinds of scores. All these scores will be represented in four categories; they are strongly disagree, disagree, unsure, agree and strongly agree. From the provided situation, it can be seen that there are two types of processes or situation and results from both the situations management are different from each other. According to the first situation, in case, all the numbers of the customers are added up, the total numbers will be 100. On the contrary, in case the total percentage of responses is added up, it will be 100%. From the above situation, it can be seen that in both of the cases, they are 100 customers and 100%. It can be said that both the figures are matching and it is the proof that the process is correct as well as effective. Hence, it can be said that it is the correct process to sum maries the data. However, in case of the second situation, the condition and result is very different when compared to the first situation. In case of this situation, it has been seen that multiplication is done among the number of customers from the each step and the number of ranks. As a result of this, the total number of customers become 319 from 100. However, the total percentage remains the same that is 100%. In this regard, it needs to be mentioned that calculations in both the situations have done based on the same situation. For this reason, the total numbers of customers in both the situations should be the same that is 100. However, the number of customers differs between the two situations. Due to this mistake, this particular process fails to derive the correct result from the situation and it has failed to provide the valid summary. Thus, based on the whole analysis, it can be said that the first method has provided more valid process for the presentation of data that shows the correct and actual value of the customer. At the same time, it can be said that people should not accept the results of the second analysis, as it is not proper method. As per the given situation, it can be observed that the customers have the facility for filling out the form of survey from the website of the store. This is the only way for the customers to fill up the survey forms of the store and the store is collected the data from this way only. From this particular process, it can be seen that the store will get mixed reactions from the customers as all the customers will not fulfill the server based on their true perception. For this reason, in some situations, the collected data from the customers will not reflect the true perception of the customers; and in some situations, the collected data from the survey will reflect the true perception of the customers. Many reasons lead to this disparity of perceptions of the customers. It can be happened that some of the customers take the survey as a joke and they fill the survey form out of fun. Thus, in this situation, the customers do not fulfill the survey from their true perception. Apart from this, it can be happened that a customer of the store is extremely happy with the products and services of the store. In this case, at the time of the survey, the customers will fill it from the true perception. In this case, the store will get response from the true perception of the customer. It can also be seen that a customer is not satisfied with the product and service of the company and for this reason; he/she is not even interested in taking part in the survey. Hence, the above discussion shows that the conducted surveys with the help of online forms do not always reelect the true perception of the customers. From the provided situation, it can be seen that there are five particular situations. The first situation is about gender. In case of gender, nominal data are collected. In this regard, it nees to be mentioned that gender is a categorical variable and it consists of two categories management; they are male and female. Apart from this, any intrinsic ordering cannot be seen in this. Thus, gender is considered as categorical variable (Boone Boone, 2012). The next items are Fahrenheit thermometers and Kelvin thermometers. In case of both of these thermometers, the researcher will collect interval data. In addition, temperature is the type of element which is used for illustration and interval scale. Hence, the researcher will collect interval data (Thomson Emery, 2014). The third element is number of items. For the number of items, ordinal data will be collected. With the help of ordinal variables, the researchers can categorize different values. Thus, ordinal data will be collected (Cliff, 2014). The next item is bank account balance. In case of bank account balance, the researcher will collect ratio scale type of data. Ratio scale variable is considered as interval variables. In this particular case, the measurement of zero (0) indicates that there is not any balance in the bank. This same concept is applicable for bank balances (Wickham, 2016). In the aspect of descriptive non-experimental study, one can see the predictor variable (Yarcheski, Mahon and Yarcheski, 2012). Predictor variable provides great assistance in the testing of hypothesis in the descriptive way. For this particular reason, the researcher can develop the case study for the testing of hypothesis. The next step in this process of descriptive non-experimental is quasi experiment (Cook, 2015). For this case, the researcher considers the variables. In this case, the variables can be referred as three times per week and four days each week. However, in case of experimental study, the researcher tests the hypothesis on the accurate basis for the combination of above two steps. Hence, an experimental study will be helpful to provide the firmest result. References Boone, H. N., Boone, D. A. (2012). Analyzing likert data.Journal of extension,50(2), 1-5. Cliff, N. (2014).Ordinal methods for behavioral data analysis. Psychology Press. Cook, T. D. (2015). Quasi?experimental design.Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Thomson, R. E., Emery, W. J. (2014).Data analysis methods in physical oceanography. Newnes. Wickham, H. (2016).ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis. Springer. Yarcheski, A., Mahon, N.E. and Yarcheski, T.J., 2012. A descriptive study of research published in scientific nursing journals from 1985 to 2010.International journal of nursing studies,49(9), pp.1112-1121.

Running head Business ethics an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Running head: Business ethics Abstract. With the rise and growth of capitalism as a mode of production, and the push for profit maximisation, businesses have surged forward into the corporate world with an aim of minimising expenses ( such as the cost of labour, and the operational costs ), while at the same time, maximising the profit. The above state of affairs has led to the massive cases of exploitation of citizens by the commercial world, leading also to the need to enforce business ethics. In particular, there have been cases of fraud which in turn resulted to massive collapse of renown firms such as Tyco International, Enron, WorldCom, Peregrine Systems and Adelphia. It is this state of affairs that led to the creation of the Sarbanes- Oaxley 2002 Act so as to bring in ameliorations into this tumultuous state of developments geared by human avarice. Need essay sample on "Running head: Business ethics" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Students Very Often Tell EssayLab professionals:How much do I have to pay someone to make my assignment today?Specialists advise: Essaylab.Com Offers A Top-Quality Academic EssayBuy Essays Online Write My Essay For Me Grab My Essay Review University Essay Writing Service However, with the enforcement of the business ethics and the Sarbanes- Oaxley 2002 Act, critics have emerged, citing the side effects of carrying out these stipulations. It is against this backdrop that this research paper has been written, with the principal aim of demonstrating how the pitfalls pointed out by critics can be sealed off, so that the Sarbanes- Oaxley 2002 Act can become more effective. Introduction. The Sarbanes- Oaxley 2002 Act which is also known as the Public Accounting, Auditing and Investor Protection Act, the SOX or the Sarbox Acts was enacted in the Federal Law of the United States on 30th July 2002 as a response to the preponderance in the corporate and accounting scandals. Some of the firms that had been affected included Tyco International, Enron, Worldcom, Peregrine Systems and Adelphia. The scandals were so severe in effect, to an extent that billions of dollars of share prices were forfeited, leading to the collapse of these companies and the subsequent dissipation of the national confidence in security markets. The Act was named after its sponsors, Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Oxley G. Michael, after that the Act was approved by a 423- 3 vote in the House and 99- 0 in the Senate. This development was followed by George Bush signing the bill into law, and thereby ratifying the most comprehensive American business reforms ever since the times of president Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Act operates by establishing new and quasi- public agencies such as the Public Oversight Board for Accounting Companies (PCAOB) which is given the mandate of supervising, inspecting, regulating and disciplining all the accounting firms that assume the role of auditing the records of accounts for all public companies. The Act also bolsters concepts such as the independence of auditors, internal control assessment, corporate governance and at the same time, enhances the concept of financial disclosure to the public. Research problem statement. Critics such as Ron Paul (a Congressman), have countered that SOX Law was unnecessary due to the fact that it hands the US firms a disadvantage in competing with foreign firms. The critics maintain that the same state of affairs, brought about by the law has been responsible for the driving away of businesses out of the US. Paul in his April 14th 2004 speech in the US House of Representatives, was citing the report by the Wharton Business School's findings. The lucidity of these accusations are bolstered by the fact that research conducted by the Wharton Business School released findings that, ever since the Sarbanes- Oaxley bill was passed into law, American companies have been deregistering from the US Public Stock Exchange. At the same time, it was found that in New York for instance, the New York Stock Exchange had only ten new entrants into the stock market ever since 2004. Ethics statements. This research paper mostly employs the use of academic books that have dealt on the issue of business ethics. At the same time, thoughts that have been borrowed, have been acknowledged so as to both avoid cases of plagiarism (intellectual theft) and uphold the standards of intellectual ethics. All the above measures have been taken to account, in the bid to show clearly the fact that no proper business activities can thrive without the observation of the business ethics. Purpose statements. This research paper seeks mostly to show the need for the observation of business ethics in both the corporate sector and the public sector. This paper does this by analysing the setbacks that bedevil these sectors as a result of not observing business ethics. The research paper does this by analysing the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act under the context of the US. Thoughts on how to seal the loopholes so as to fully realize the benevolence of observing of business ethics are discussed also. Significance. This paper can be deemed as relevant due to the fact that it spells out the pros and cons of adopting business ethics (in this case, the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act) by delving into the American context. This is not an end to itself since this research paper does this, while espousing the dominant aim of encouraging the observation of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act as a form of business ethics. The fine tuning of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act's modalities have also been dealt on, so as to avoid the inconsistencies and the misgivings that critics have towards the adoption of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act as a form of business ethics. CHAPTER 2 Literature review. Studies have been carried out by different authors who all have different opinions about the importance of adopting the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act as a form of business ethics. For instance, the Wharton Business School (Manz, 2003 pp. 75) in its findings from a research that it had conducted in 2006, maintains that the adoption of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act as a form of business ethics has only been instrumental in ushering in plummeted growth and development of the American Stock Market Exchange. The representatives of this school point at the fact that there has been a lot of cases of deregistration of traders in stock market. The Wharton Business School maintains that this trend has been persisting, following the signing into effect, the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act. The Korn- Ferry International in the same wavelength posits that the implementation of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act has only catalyzed the reluctance on the side of small scale businesses from entering the American Stock Market Exchange. Korn- Ferry International points out that this has been due to the fact that 500 companies have been reported to have lost an average of 5.1 million as compliance expense in 2004 alone (De Vay, 2006 pp. 121). In the same vein, Foley and Lardner law firms have as a rejoinder to the above arguments against the adoption of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act pointed out that the Act has only been very instrumental in increasing the expenses of publicly held or owned companies by 130% from the time the law was enacted. Foley and Lardner law firms continue that this state of affairs has also led to giving foreign businesses an edge over local ones, due to the fact that the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act hugely rests its burdens and injunctions on local business firms, compared to the foreign firms. Other economics pundits such as John C. Dvork (Hartman, 2004 pp. 84) also argue that the adoption of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act leads to the stifling of creativity in the field of computer and technology. Dvork continues that this is likely to cause a downturn in the Information Technology sector. Dvork, a technology and computing journalist explains that this was seen in 2005 when the oldest and the most independent user group of IBM announced its speculations of closing down, citing the fact that the policies of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act was constantly exposing it to wasteful dispensation of resources. CHAPTER 3 Approach. This research study activity has been conducted mainly by analysing the scholarly books that have been written on business ethics in relation to the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act, and its underpinnings. Hypothesis. This paper has been written to prove that the adoption of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act as a way of instilling the observation of business ethics is only going to benefit the US. This is to be actualized by showing clearly, both the pros and cons of adopting Sarbanes- Oaxley Act as a form of business ethics. Causative analysis. There are different reasons that stand in the way of effective realization of business ethics. Some of these reasons are: Additional expenses being imposed on the firms. High operational costs especially for the IT firms since subscribing to the injunctions of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act requires that these firms upgrade their systems. At the same time, these firms are expected to upgrade their systems following the fact that different non IT firms depend on IT systems and controls to implement the stipulations of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act. The high rate of incursion of foreign business firms at the expense of local businesses due to the fact that the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act stipulations are country specific, applying much pressure on the domestic firms. CHAPTER 3. Goals and expectations. It is expected that the majority of businesses in America are going to do well as a result of having subscribed to the laws of business ethics. This cannot be far from the truth, especially if the measures are taken to seal the loopholes of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act. At the same time, the citizens are also likely to be well covered from exploitation, upon business ethics and Sarbanes- Oaxley Act being followed fully. Expected outcomes. It is expected that full enforcement of business ethics policies and the fine tuning of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act will usher in the following accruals: Cases of fraud are likely to take a plunge in the business and corporate sectors in the US. The US business sector is likely to thrive as a result of the above gain. There is likely to be the restoration of public confidence in the American Stock Market Exchange. Growth of the American Stock Exchange Market is inevitable as a result of the restoration of public confidence. CHAPTER 4. Problem statement. There are many problems that are being realised as a result of failure to totally instill the dictates of business ethics upon the business sector and failure to revise the stipulations of the of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act. Some of these setbacks that are going to be encountered are: the departure of the US borne businesses from the business scene; the unproportional infiltration of foreign businesses into the American scene; and the collapse of the US Stock market. Description of selected solutions and calender plans. There should be the revision of the Title 2 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act so that the independence of the auditors should be extended to the private and foreign firms. All private and foreign business entities are to be subjected to the Title 3 of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act of Corporate responsibility. There should be the enhancement of the Title 4 Sarbanes- Oaxley Act of Enhanced financial disclosure. The concept and practice of the Title 5 of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act of Analyst conflict of interest should be also extended so that it pervades the entire corporate world. The Corporate Tax Returns of Sarbanes- Oaxley Act as the Tenth (10th) Title should also be stretched so that all businesses be made subject to its stipulations. CHAPTER 5. Discussions on recommendations. Revision of the Title 2 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act. At the present, Title 2 of this Act authorises the independence of the auditors at the public sector alone. However, to ensure that the concept of egalitarianism is followed to the latter, the powers of the auditors must be extended to the private sector and the foreign companies so that these do not have an edge, at the expense of local firms and the public sector in a way that is not warranted or earned. Reviewing of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act Title 3. This act should be reviewed so that the observation of corporate responsibility be observed by both local and foreign businesses. However, since it is expedient that foreign investors be attracted, it is necessary that foreign businesses be subject to lower or manageable levels of corporate responsibility. Expanding of Title 4 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act. Both the public sector and the private sector- including foreign corporations must be made to send their statements of accounts at the end of every financial year for taxation, and for investigative purposes. However, this is only possible if Title 4 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act is abrogated. Abrogation of _ Title 5 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act. Title 5 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act should also be abrogated so that it is not only the officer in a business that belongs to public sector who is barred from holding certain portfolios so as to ward off cases of conflicts of interests in decision making. Businessmen in the private sector and foreign investors should also be subjected to such stipulations since these are also hugely prone to succumbing to conflicts of interests. Reviewing of Title 10 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act. As stated in the third recommendation, Title 4 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act must be abrogated so that Title 10 of collective taxation of both the private and public, local and foreign investments can be realized. Conclusion. It is now clear that implementing business ethics and specifically, the Sarbanes- Oaxley 2002 Act presents both merits and demerits in the economic sector. For instance, one of the merits is that the American Stock Exchange Market is bound to grow due to the renewed public confidence in the stock market. On the other hand, if not properly checked, the implementation of the Sarbanes- Oaxley 2002 Act as it is presently, will continue to trigger the exit of the US businesses from the American scene. The above matter must be taken as a matter of grave concern by the government since it is likely to lead to the unfavourable preponderance of foreign investments over the local ones. However, since the above state of affairs have been shown to exist as a result of the loopholes in the Sarbanes- Oaxley 2002 Act, the US government must therefore be seen to make strident measures to ratify the above recommendations so as to avert this danger. References. De Vay, D. (2006). Effectiveness of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act in combating fraud. New York: Prentice Hall. Manz, W. H. (2003). The legislative history of Title 4 of the Sarbanes- Oaxley Act: Corporate fraud _ responsibility. Michigan: Michigan University Press. Hartman, P. L. (2004). Business ethics: collective perspectives. New York: John Wiley and Sons

buy custom Brief History of the Group essay

buy custom Brief History of the Group essay Business and trade associations are the most common types of economic interest groups. The US Chamber of Commerce is under the umbrella of business associations and made up of over 160 of their chief executive officers of the largest industrial, commercial and financial businesses in the country (Gitelson, Dudley and Dubnick 223). These associations represent some of the most powerful interests of corporate America. The United States Chamber of Commerce was formed in 1912 by a group of leading municipal chambers and trade associations. The interest group represents a wide range of business interests in a given city or state (Boyer and Dubofsky 111). It is often led by bankers, realtors and representatives of other service industries. Boyer and Dubofsky say that the United States Chamber of Commerce was less confrontational than other organizations and it encouraged its members to accommodate to changing patterns of labor relations and political regulation (111). The United States Chamber of Commerce cooperated closely with the federal government in mobilizing the economy for World War I. Boyer and Dubofsky say that the United States Chamber of Commerce initially attempted to work with the New Deal but like the larger business community that it represented grew increasingly disenchanted with many of Roosevelt policies (111). While the United States Chamber of Commerce took part in the post-war business backlash against the New Deal, it also acted as a leading business advocate for a limited welfare state built on public spending and the politics of growth. Boyer and Dubofsky also noted that after the 1930s, the US Chamber of Commerce was led by a loose coalition of internationalists, shippers, exporters, bankers and natural resource interests (111). Policy it Attempts to Influence Countries under Anglo-American legal system do not have extraordinary law on chambers of commerce which belong to the group of legal persons in private law (Yuwen 39). The chamber of commerce tries to establish an idea of any enterprise or private person without the need for obtaining endorsement by a government department. Industrial and commercial enterprises are free to join or withdraw from a chamber of commerce. It should also be noted that a chamber of commerce is free to choose its own functions and tasks and is entirely reliant on membership fees, service fees and voluntary donations for its operation. US laws provides for policies and treatments relating to chambers of commerce. One of the major functions of the chambers of commerce is that they take part in policy lobbying, promoting legislation, and giving momentum to the development of an industry by publishing pertinent satistics and setting industrial standards. Yuwen says that the US Chamber of Commerce also harmonizes prices; takes part in anti-dumping actions in international trade and at the same time offers various consultative and training services for members (39). The US Chamber of Commerce aims to encourage the free development and competition of industrial and commercial enterprise and uphold their lawful rights and interests. The US Chamber of Commerce policy insists that an independent administrative agency should fix the tariff rates within the limits of such guiding principles. The state level chambers of commerce establish, maintain and support facilities conducive to the development of industry and individual commerce. The group plays a major role in the registration process and alteration the registration of firms. The US Chamber of Commerce participates in enterprise bankruptcy mediation procedures and even intervenes in clearance sales of firms. Yuwen says that members of a Chamber of Commerce as industrial commercial enterprises share the cost of the chamber by paying taxes and registration fee (39). The operation of the chamber remains under the supervision of the government and some of its decisions are the subject to approval by federal government (Gitelson, Dudley and Dubnick 223). Tools and Tactics One of the major tools used by this interest group is the influence of its size. This tool enables the group to influence various government organs and departments to push its agenda. Corporate interest groups that are not membership organizations and trade associations generally have relatively few members and, therefore, they should not pay much attention to membership size (Gitelson, Dudley and Dubnick 219). The US Chamber of Commerce can persuade elected representatives, administrators, and congressional staff that they can marshal their membership behind a policy hence size becomes very significant (Gitelson, Dudley and Dubnick 219). One of the major tools used by the Chamber of Commerce is to lobby with facts (Gitelson, Dudley and Dubnick 221). On the other hand, money counts although it is only one of the many tools used by the interest group to influence the government. Another important tactic used by the group is unity. The chamber of commerce groups power is strongly influenced by the unity of its members. When there is no unity on an issue, its control on the policymaking process drops significantly, even if the chambers interest is fundamental. The size and unity of the US Chambers of Commerce does not necessarily ensure success. Gitelson, Dudley and Dubnick say that the group has leaders who command reverence and who can articulate and sstand for the issues and demands of the industry (220). Without such leadership, the chamber of commerce is headless and more often than is not ineffective in pushing its goals and objectives. Success of the Group Based on its Tactics Faced with the need to make decisions on a range of issues, the group should have credible and trustworthy information. The chamber of commerce that can present its expertise cogently and convincingly has a distinct advantage over less informed and less articulate organizations. The US Chamber of Commerce success is based on the effectiveness of its expertise. The success of the group is also grounded on the execution of its mandates and the perception of the groups motives. Gitelson, Dudley and Dubnick also say that the US Chamber of Commerce receives dues from their corporate and individual members. Many companies use corporate funds to cover the cost of maintaining the US Chamber of Commerce. Despite the fact the chamber of commerce is challenged effectively by various organizations, other interest groups can have a significant impact on the influence and power of the US Chamber of Commerce. Gitelson, Dudley and Dubnick say that in effect the larger and more powerful the countervailing forces are, the less power an opposing interest group will have (221). Lack of countervailing forces can give the US Chamber of Commerce with a monopoly in influencing the policies and programs linked with it. The US Chamber of Commerce is successful as a result of its size, unity, leadership, expertise and funds (Gitelson, Dudley and Dubnick 221). The US Chamber of Commerce should not have all of the tools and tactics to be successful, but the more it has the better. More often than not, success of the US Chamber of Commerce comes from effectively combining the groups resources and the tactics used to influence policymaking. The US Chamber of Commerce has over the time proven itself as a source of dependable information. Gitelson, Dudley and Dubnick say that the chamber of commerce success emanates from sharing its expertise at congressional hearings, presenting research or technical information or discussing the impact of a bill on national, state or local interests (223). In conclusion, the US Chamber of Commerce functions within the law. The US Congress has found it necessary from time to time to pass laws regulating these groups and their representatives. On the basis of its relationship with the government, the US Chamber of Commerce operations and actions are governed by the rule that they should uphold honesty. The success of the group comes from knowing and addressing important and critical concerns of the business and trade industry. Buy custom Brief History of the Group essay

Evans Surname Meaning and Family History

Evans Surname Meaning and Family History Evans is a patronymic surname meaning son of Evan. The given name Evan derives from the Welsh name Ifan, a cognate of John, meaning gracious gift of Jehovah. Within the United Kingdom, Evans is the 8th most common surname, being most common in the city of Swansea, Wales. It is ranked as the 48th most common surname in the United States. Surname Origin:  Welsh Alternate Surname Spellings:  EVINS, EVENS, EVAN, EVIAN Famous People with the Evans Surname Walker Evans -  American photographerArthur Evans  - English archaeologist and curatorLee Evans  -  African-American track-and-field greatEdith Evans  -  English stage and screen actressMichael Evans - British stage and screen actor Where is the Evans Surname Most Common? The Evans surname is the 656th most common surname in the United States, according to surname distribution data from Forebears.  The name  is especially numerous in North and South Wales and in the adjacent English counties of Shropshire and Monmouth.  Evans ranks as the 5th most common surname in Wales, the 10th in England, the 20th in Australia and the 47th in the United States. Surname distribution maps from  WorldNames PublicProfiler  also demonstrate the popularity of the Evans surname in Wales and England, followed by Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States (especially Georgia, Mississippi, and Utah). Genealogy Resources for the Surname Evans 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Evans Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as an Evans family crest or coat of arms for the Evans surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Evans DNA ProjectMore than 570 members have joined this project for the Evans surname (and variants) to  work together to find their common heritage through DNA testing and sharing of information. Evans Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Evans ancestors around the world. Search the forum for posts about your Evans ancestors, or join the forum and post your own queries.   FamilySearchExplore over 9.7 million  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Evans surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GeneaNet - Evans  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Evans surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Evans Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Evans surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

CIPD Diploma (Human Resource Practice Course ) Essay

CIPD Diploma (Human Resource Practice Course ) - Essay Example Coaching the line managers is therefore crucial especially when it comes to performance management. Line managers also need the help of HR professionals in dealing with disagreements since the HR are skilled in problem-solving and well versed with organization policies and procedures. Senior managers on the other hand, need HR to be business partners. This requires HR to develop deep understanding of the business and its context. They also need the HR to challenge them where possible so that they can know where they are going wrong when making decisions. The HR/L &D needs to prioritize the needs of service users effectively. When faced with conflicting needs from the different service users, HR needs to know how to handle the situation by applying their knowledge and competencies. The CIPD profession Map is crucial in acquiring such competencies. For example, a senior manager may want a manpower report for last year to present in a meeting in the afternoon, and at the same time an employee has come to complain about harassment by her boss while a line manager has come to complain about performance of a certain employee. How does the HR prioritize such needs? In this case, first HR should look at the urgency and importance of the need. While harassment and employee performance are as important as the manpower report, the HR should prepare the report first due to its urgency. Furthermore, the other two needs can follow laid down rules and procedures. HR should then start investigations on the harassment issue and arrange for a discipl inary committee meeting at a later date where witnesses can produce evidence. While this is ongoing, HR can convene a meeting between line manager and underperforming employee to establish the source of the problem and offer solutions. This will ensure all the needs of the service users are met in a timely manner without favoring one user over the others. Make all users feel they are equally important and that

Islamic Insurance Law Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 15750 words

Islamic Insurance Law - Dissertation Example Conventional insurance has been a taboo for the Muslim world as the premium insurance companies offer, lack of correct knowledge by their customers and the way cost of damages has to be borne by some unconnected persons had hitherto been debated. Scholars have argued that the prevalent insurance system is not Shariah compliant as it involves uncertainty, gambling and riba (interest). Insurance companies take people's money and promise to give them back if a certain loss happens which involves a delay in the money dealing which makes it non-Islamic transaction. This means that 23% population of the world does not gel in the global finance system and gets no security in the case of any unforeseen damage. The growing socio-economic situation of the world has made it inevitable to drive a system which minimizes the risks but current interest-based insurance system is conflicting to the teachings of Shariah- the Islamic law. Takaful is the Islamic insurance system which has now taken its roots for more than two decades. It integrates the principles of Shariah with modern economics by mitigating the risks attached. Takaful industry is vibrant and growing on an enormous pace with a growth rate of 20%2. In the following dissertation, I have presented my research about Islamic insurance, how it works, its growing popularity and the need of its development Islamic as-well- as in non Islamic countries such as UK and Saudi Arabia. I have

Comparing the marketing of Tescos and Audi Essay Example for Free

Comparing the marketing of Tescos and Audi Essay For this task we have been asked to look at the ways two different businesses market their products and services the two businesses we have been asked to look at are Tesco Audi. The first Tesco was opened in 1919 by a man called; Jack Cohen from that 1 store Tesco has grown in the market and now has 923 stores worldwide, Tesco is a supermarket that sells all kinds of household items such as food, clothes range, technology range, phone range furniture, toys and many more, Tesco has many different stores which make a lot of money every year. Tesco uses its brand to obtain new customers and also retain old customers because they are a reliable business that is well known by many of their customers. They are known for their cheap products and suitable prices which attract customers to come back and buy again, They obtain new customers by doing things like advertising and promoting their products and business on things like flyers, T.V, Internet, Comparison sites and a lot of other places, they also do things like club cards which allow customers to get some products for lower prices or free, this makes the customer want to come back and shop again because they like the way of service. We have been asked to pick one product from each business and discuss the marketing techniques between them, from Tesco I have chosen to do a Mobile phone, the target markets of this product is everyone, but almost everyone needs a mobile phone, the branding of the mobile phone will be different because if the phones are made from different companies their brands will be on them, Tesco will use adverts to promote the phone and get people interested so they will buy it, Tesco uses relationship marketing with phone brands such as Nokia, Samsung ECT as they sell their products in side their stores, The mobile phone has a large number of rival products as there are lots of different phone models to choose from and this particular phone might not get bought. An Ansoff matrix is a business strategy that businesses use to increase sales and improve their market, Tesco is developing new products in existing markets because they already have a market and they just need new products to sell in their market, for example if Tesco created a new product their brand phone they would sell it under their name in their stores. Tesco constantly uses the Ansoff matrix as they are always releasing new products, and selling them, sometimes Tesco would work on improving a market and sometimes they create completely new products, If Tesco release a new mobile phone they would be releasing a new product into a existing market which would be using the Ansoff matrix. Audi AG (Xetra: NSU) is a German manufacturer of a range of automobiles, from supermini to crossover SUVs in various body styles and price ranges that are marketed under the Audi brand. The company is headquartered in Ingolstadt, Germany, and has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Volkswagen AG since 1966, following a phased purchase of its predecessor, Auto Union, from its former owner, Daimler-Benz. Volkswagen re-launched the Audi brand with the 1965 introduction of the Audi F103 series. The company name is based on the surname of the founder August Horch, meaning listen — which, when translated into Latin, becomes Audi. Audi uses its brand to sell their products, Audi is a well known and trusted brand and people can buy from them with trust unlike smaller companies, customers know that they can trust Audi, because they have reliable cars that they sell and the public know these facts about the business so they trust the company and buy the car. We have been asked to pick one product to describe the marketing techniques they use, I have chosen to do the Audi RS4, the target of this car would be anyone who can drive and people who have money, The branding of this car would have the Audi Logo on it, Audi will use things like adverts to promote their product, advertising increases sales, Audi can use Relationship marketing with Car dealerships/shops which sell their cars, Audi has a lot of rivals due to there being many other car companies that are selling cars like them such as Mercedes, Bmw, ECT, so Audi will have to be better that the other companies and prove that they are the best car dealer on the market. An Ansoff matrix is a business strategy that businesses use to increase sales and improve their market; Audi is constantly creating new products in their existing markets, and sometimes creating new products for new markets, for example Audi would not start a new company to sell new products under, they would just make new products which would be cars and sell them under their current name which would be Audi. Audi constantly uses the Ansoff matrix as they are always making new cars and selling them, sometimes Audi would work on improving a market and sometimes they create completely new products, for example If Audi created a new car they would sell it under their brand name and this is using the Ansoff Matrix.

Charles Taylor :: essays research papers

In The Politics of Recognition Charles Taylor explores the possibility that in order to affirm individuals' equal dignity, we must acknowledge their cultures. He claims that individual identities are socially and dialogically constructed. That is why recognition is important. It shows how the study of identity and its politics is very important in the effort to understand control and somehow reduce the occurrence of group conflicts. The views of others may not be the last word concerning our identities, but they are the first word. If so, misrecognition can damage and can be the basis of oppression and domination (p 25). Charles Taylor argues that human identity is constituted by cultural group membership, and an individual's sense of self worth is thus deeply tied to the value that others attach to his or her cultural group. As a result of this "new understanding of the human social condition," cultural recognition can be construed as a necessary component of individual recognition, and misrecognition can reasonably be considered a form of oppression (Taylor, 1994: 25-26). If cultural group attachment is a feature of the human social condition, liberal theory had better deal with cultural group rights if it is to be relevant. Such observations form the basis of several criticisms of what Taylor terms procedural liberalism. Taylor sees this form of liberalism as rooted in a Kantian view of the self in which the essential feature of the self is autonomy; procedural liberalism requires, in order to respect human dignity, a polity in which each person is able to conceive and pursue his or her own vision of the good. Taylor argues that while procedural liberalism is committed to the view that different cultures are to be tolerated and respected, it also insists that we must live according to a common set of political rules uniformly applied. This kind of liberalism, he claims, is unable to vary basic rights in order to accommodate the survival requirements of minority cultures.

Sports Event in School

Sport events in our school Sports are very important in everyone’s life as they give pleasure, health, discipline, happiness, self-control and sporting spirit. Sports can learn students’ physical co-ordination and social lessons about winning and losing. There is a well-known proverb â€Å"All works and no play make Jack a dull boy†. It is full of wisdom. After the day’s work in class, students need some healthy recreation to refresh their minds. Education without sports is really incomplete. So, sports are important in every school for clever and healthy students.They are several kinds of sports some are outdoor and some are indoor. In our school, the schoolboys play football, volleyball, basketball, table -tennis, chess, and so on. The school playground is no less important than the school lessons. It is on the playground that we learn to face defeat with a smiling face. So, the school playground helps the students to fight the battle of life like brave soldiers and heroes. Our school has two playgrounds to play football and two for playing basketball. There will be tournaments to play football in every Grade from Grade-4 to Grade-11.There is an each team in every section and so if there are six sections in Grade-9, there will be six teams and a tournament is held until there are two teams to pay the final match. All schoolboys look active and alert with their team track-suit. There are also tournaments to play each sport. Teachers in charge will take care of their pupils in playground during tournament. They give them fresh limes and purified drinking water. The red-cross schoolboys and teachers are ready to help the injured players. The Headmaster will give the prize to the winners and the champion team who gets the first prize will take a group photograph.In January, there are interschool sports competitions that include track and field sports such as running, jumping and throwing events. The running events are sprints, middle d istance races, long distance races, hurdle and relay races. The jumping events are high jump and pole vault. The throwing events are short put, discus and javelin. Team sports can be played by two teams. A team has been organized with some players. They must have team-spirit and they fight the rival team collectively. Thus team sports make one less selfish. They know the value of team work and playing together makes them friendlier.A player must have stamina and be patient. He must not easily down-hearted. If the players of one team become excited, they may lose their chance. The carelessness of one may make the team defeated. So, players are inspired team-spirit by playing team sports. A true sportsman never thinks of winning the sports by hook or by crook. He never wins victory by foul play and we know that â€Å"Honesty is the best policy†. So team sports are essential to health, happiness, progress and unity. We gain a lot of benefits from playing sport events and student s should take part in these sport events.

The Best Game Ever Made

It was the beginning of February of my senior year in high school. I had been conditioning for months leading up to tryouts for the baseball team so I was in the best shape of my life and I was confident. The past three years before that I was put on the JV team because the coaches didn't like my â€Å"attitude†, so my senior year I was determined to get a starting spot on the varsity team no matter what. During tryouts the coaches would always look at me like I didn't belong and would whisper things amongst themselves Just quiet enough so I couldn't hear.I knew I would have to work arder than anyone trying out to make the team and that is exactly what I did. I got my spot on the team. Workouts for varsity baseball at London High School were some of the hardest things I had ever done but I knew that it would be worth it once the season rolled around. We ran, lifted, ran, ran and then we ran. It was exhausting but rewarding. Towards the end of our offseason workouts the team st arted to throw inside the gym so our arms would be ready once it got warm enough to go outside. Two weeks of that and everybody on the team were worn thin with each other, the game and the oaches.It finally got warm enough to go outside and I was ready to show my coaches that I had what it took to start for the London Red Raiders. They put me in left field because they knew I could catch very well. It didn't start out too well for me the first couple of practices but once I got my throws down I felt like there was nothing that could stop me. I was fighting for a starting spot with a Junior who did not deserve to be playing on a varsity field. I knew then that all I had to do was keep the mistakes toa minimum and the starting spot would be mine. I was right.I earned my starting spot and played well through the first fifteen games of the season but the worst thing that couldVe happened to me, happened. It was game fifteen against Westland and we were up 4-0. A ball was hit to down the left field line and the only way I could make the catch was to dive so that is exactly what I did. I caught the ball but I also broke three ribs while making the catch. It felt like somebody was slowly pushing a hot knife in to my rib cage and twisting it. I couldn't breathe let alone stand up so I had to get help to the dugout. The doctor told me thatI would have to sit out at least ten games to let my rips properly heal. Ten games later our record was 20-5 and we had a good chance of making it to the state finals. Our first game of the playoffs was against Columbus Mifflin which was easily the worst team we had played all season. The second game was against Bishop Watterson. It was the top of the seventh inning and we were winning by one run at home. All we needed was one more out to win the game and move on to the regional finals. There was a runner on second and third with Watterson's best hitter at the plate.The second pitch of the at bat he hit a ball that I knew was going ov er my head as soon as it came off the bat. I immediately started running straight back and looked back for the ball after I had traveled about fifteen yards but couldn't find it at first. Once I did find it I realized that it was going over my left shoulder so I turned my As soon as I caught it, all I could think about was all of the months of hard work I had put in to making the varsity team. All of the drills and lifting I did by myself to make myself better.All of the time and effort I put in to baseball instead of going out very weekend or sitting around doing nothing. I stood up with the ball in my glove and instantly got tackled by my best friend who was playing center field. That's when it hit me that I made the game winning catch to send our team in to the regional finals. Ever since that day I have always been very confident in my abilities to play baseball and that only increased when I was called by the head coach of Clark State Community College and asked to play at the collegiate level. But still to this day, that one catch, was the best moment that I have ever had.

Importance Of Avoid Making Stereotypical Assumptions Social Work Essay Essay Example

Importance Of Avoid Making Stereotypical Assumptions Social Work Essay Essay Example Importance Of Avoid Making Stereotypical Assumptions Social Work Essay Essay Importance Of Avoid Making Stereotypical Assumptions Social Work Essay Essay Stereotype reflects the perceptual experience one has of other persons based on their different physical abilities, emotional visual aspect, spiritual, cultural temperament, sexual orientation or ethnicity without cognizing anything personal about that individual and these positions are frequently connected to experiences, observations or other influences such as the media. I will foremost sketch below some of the grounds why it is of import to avoid doing premises based on stereotypes when supplying attention for person and so subsequently on demo how single attention workers can guard against making this. Making premises, based on stereotypes, when supplying attention for person can hold a negative consequence on the quality of attention, as illustrated in the instance of Mhairi who suffered from a shot and needed a wheelchair but opted alternatively for personal attention at place. The attention director, Stuart, who did the appraisal could hold found out about her sexual penchant had he non assumed because she was married that her relationship with spouse Gillian was heterosexual. This would hold allowed more sensitiveness to be shown by the carers when go toing to her personal demands. The stereotyped premise that disabled people can non pass on would hold the effect of them non being listened to decently and this would deny them the right to allow services and holding a voice. This would impact on their individualism and personal demands, thereby impacting the quality of attention being provided. As one participant wheelchair user pointed out in It s like when you go to the infirmary or the physicians, if you go with anybody because you re in a wheelchair they do nt turn to you, they look over you and that truly infuriates me . This underscores the demand to talk straight with the service users instead than doing premises that they are incapacitated or non capable of discoursing their lovingness demands. Showing narrow-mindedness because an premise is made based on stereotype, is being bias and this was highlighted in Gypsy Travellers report about bias within the wellness attention service. It can forestall Gypsies from deriving entree to allow medical services such as the barrier presented by a receptionist the receptionist are harder to acquire past aˆÂ ¦ I think they re making the physician a favor aˆÂ ¦ I did something good today, I kept the Gypsies off . Another stereotyped premise illustrated in is that people with mental wellness jobs are prone to force such was the instance of Simon Jackson. However, he was merely making out for aid and frequently misunderstood, as he was leery of any authority figure . Making stereotyped premises can forestall people having appropriate attention and if a carer has a damaging position it could farther perplex the affair and deter users from accessing the services. For illustration, as given in, a handicapped sapphic felt that s he was seen as someway unnatural or unnatural. However, when these beliefs are carried through, it becomes favoritism. An illustration of this provided in K101 Block 3 Unit 10 where council estate occupants were seen as failures and non interested in academic success. In supplying attention for person in a local community, attention workers should recognize and value diverseness, that is, people are different and should be treated otherwise but reasonably to avoid inequality and favoritism. Therefore, it should non be assumed that supplying personal attention for an Asiatic female would be the same or similar to that for a white European female. Care workers need to be culturally sensitive and take into history the differences in people s life styles and household relationships. As in people with speech hindrances are sometimes stereotyped as being deaf and are frequently shouted at when pass oning and this should non be declarative of all people with such a disablement. When supplying attention for person with this disablement, a carer needs to be more informed about that individual s capablenesss before prosecuting to avoid any communicating barriers or go forthing that individual feeling demoralised. It may sometimes be necessary to utilize stereotypes and do premises as it can move as a usher to assist in decision-making, such as when forming a societal event for older people in a attention place as this could be the mark audience and supply the chance to provide to their specific demands. Individual attention workers can guard against doing premises based on stereotypes by being more tolerant and do every attempt to understand that individual better. The attention worker should happen out what assist a handicapped individual demands alternatively of presuming what they think they need based on old experiences or observations. It is of import for attention workers to avoid being condescending when handicapped people are accompanied by their attentions but should pass on straight with the handicapped individuals. If the attention worker is non able to understand person with a hearing damage, they could inquire the individual to state them how they prefer to pass on and non feign to hold understood them when they have non or they could go familiar with that individual s method of communicating and happen ways of maintaining that communicating traveling with AIDSs such as Mankaton or other similar mark linguistic communication. It is indispensable to place that there are different spiritual, cultural and other peculiar demands of people, hence care workers should besides see service users as persons and seamster attention harmonizing to their single penchants so that appropriate services can be provided. Care workers need to develop a cognition and apprehension of how the jurisprudence impacting disablement and favoritism as the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 protects disabled people and does non merely use to people who have a physical disablement, ocular or hearing damage but can besides cover people with learning disablements. In add-on, they should besides be familiar with the Race Relations Act 1976, as it is improper to know apart against a individual on land of race, coloring material, cultural beginning or nationality. An illustration of this was demonstrated in with an history given by Roz, a white nurse when a patient s married woman made loud racialist comments that she thought it was gross outing that her hubby should be in a bay wit h three black work forces on their ain which offended the work forces. Roz did non conspire with this racialist position by altering their bays but alternatively left the work forces to screen it out amongst themselves, after deriving their positions. In decision, an premise based on stereotypes when supplying attention for person should be avoided as it could be construed as being damaging or prejudiced and is likely to hold a negative Impact on the service user. Individual attention workers can guard against making this by recognizing the diverse global small town we live in and be respectful of other people s cultural, spiritual beliefs and ethnicity every bit good as any authorities statute law associating to disablement and favoritism. Word count: 1113

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Being a Surgeon

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Being a Surgeon Becoming a surgeon can take over a decade of schooling to get full certification and potentially even longer to begin your true medical practice. Investing in medical school is not only a matter of time, though; the cost is also a factor you should consider before choosing to pursue your doctorate in medicine. Life as a surgeon also comes with some special stresses. Benefits Doing good. Surgeons, as are all doctors, are required to take the Hippocratic  oath to ensure that they provide the best medical care, to the fullest extent of their abilities, to all those in need. If youre the type of person who thoroughly enjoys helping others, this career path is chock full of the opportunity to provide service and support to others as well as saving lives.   Regular career development. For those who value constant mental stimulation, few careers have practical skills that are applied as regularly as that of the medical field. Surgeons continuously learn on the job as medicine and technology constantly update and evolve. Their minds are constantly on the move, learning and applying new  medical science  almost every day.   Various career paths. Aspiring surgeons can choose from more than a dozen areas, ranging from general surgery to more specialized fields like orthopedic surgery and plastic surgery. Helping others. Not only do surgeons help their patients, they also help other aspiring clinicians. Many medical experts get the benefit of teaching students and patients about medicine and can help advance the field of medicine through research and collaboration with other medical experts. Respected career. Many consider the medical field to be among the most revered occupations, and it carries with it a higher social status than most. Many surgeons make upward of $300,000 a year, with many orthopedic surgeons exceeding $500,000. Drawbacks Expensive schooling. Although the salary for being a surgeon starts out pretty high and just keeps climbing throughout the rest of ones career, most medical students typically graduate with a large financial debt. It may take years to pay off the debt and begin to see a profitable life as a surgeon. Still, long hours arent behind you just because youve graduated from  medical school  and completed your internship and residency. Its an arduous process of acquiring  a medical license, and once youre on the staff at a hospital youll pull many overnight and emergency shifts.   High stress. A medical career can be highly emotional and draining. While some incredible highs comes with saving lives, once you begin practicing, it can take a toll on your emotional well-being when you encounter patients whom you cant save. That- paired with the long hours, difficult procedures, stressful work environment, and overwhelming responsibility- often lead to depression or at the very least anxiety problems. Time-consuming. Not only do surgeons undergo up to 15 years (or more) of schooling and training, they often must work long hours, too. This can interfere with ones personal life, limiting the amount of time the surgeon has to spend with family and friends. Lawsuits. An unfortunate side of being a surgeon is a high potential to encounter medical malpractice suits. Mistakes happen in all careers, but for medical professionals, the repercussions of mistakes can be physically damaging and even deadly. According to the Risk Authority, $381 billion was awarded in medical malpractice cases in 2017. Choosing a Career as a Surgeon Surgeons are highly respected and fulfilling, but the career is not for everyone. The long hours, huge student debt, stressful work, and years of educational preparation can deter those not dedicated to the field. However, being a surgeon comes with its fair share of advantages like a high salary, rewarding life work, and actually getting to make a difference in the world.   Really, it comes down to whether or not you have the dedication and passion for sticking with the medical field for over eight years just to get your career started. If youre ready to take the Hippocratic oath and swear to help the sick and damaged to the fullest of your ability, go ahead and apply to medical school and get started on your path to success.

Term paper for economics Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Term for economics - Research Paper Example Nonetheless, despite the established consideration in the distribution of the economic pie that guide public discourse, there are new and emerging scientific and economic approaches that are proving to be popular in shaping and guiding the approaches to distribution of the national cake. Greek philosophers were instrumental in laying the groundwork for the distribution of nation’s wealth, which was long before the birth of the discipline of economics as currently known. In line with this, it is common knowledge that philosophers such as Plato and Plutarch defined the level of differences that should result from the rich and the poor and the consequences of these differences. Conversely, the revolution age was responsible for the establishment of government’s policies that redistributed wealth (Acemoglu and Robinson 190). Closer to contemporary economic society, the economic scientists who developed economics perspectives that advocated for various approaches of sharing and distributing the national wealth in a way that ensured equitable and equity in distribution of wealth. This expose elucidates on different ways that a nation’s distribution of wealth affects the economic growth. Stiglitz identified two approaches towards the distribution of a nation’s wealth with each approach differing in perspective and consequences, which are in terms of the growth of a nation’s economy (387). In the first approach, Stiglitz identifies that nations can adopt an approach that focuses on a high ratio of capital and labor. In this approach, Stiglitz noted the ability of a nation to enhance stability in its economic growth while focusing on equitable distribution of resources in the country in the long-term. Conversely, the other approach proposed by Stiglitz identified a small capital-labor ratio, which he defined as developing an economy that was unstable in the end. Besides, this approach was responsible for the

Globalization, Communication And Postmodernity Describing The Shift Essay

Globalization, Communication And Postmodernity Describing The Shift From Web 1.0 To Web 2.0 - Essay Example From the read-only interface offered by Web 1.0, the introduction of Web 2.0 has opened various means of web communications making the web interface not only as a source of information, but also as an interactive zone. Blogs, wikis, social network sites, online games, and even e-commerce have redefined practices of communication in the postmodern times re-introducing the processes and activities in a globalized approach. Starting from Web 1.0 as the first generation World Wide Web, the first web interface offered read-only contents via static websites with limited performance and visual parameters, zero to minimal interaction with the site, and most importantly, web communication fundamentally facilitated via e-mail. Shuen (2008) has described Web 1.0 as a digitized place for searching information, for making available and transmitting various downloadables, and for fashioning e-commerce approach from the traditional mail-based interfaces. Added by Oreilly (2007), Web 1.0 treated web as a platform for presenting information using one-way channel of communication with limited response mechanisms. For instance, Web 1.0 services, such as Mp3.com, Akamai, Ofoto, content management systems, and others, are the means utilized for conveying content, downloadables, and information. ... Meanwhile, business model of Web 1.0 follows the principles of treating users as audience and speculating consumers (Eighmeya & McCordb, 1998), admin-based web business (Oreilly, 2007) and lastly, one-way search and one-way feed of information (Sinclair, et al., 2006). These details support and explain the architectural background of Web 1.0 that stems from the identified â€Å"architecture of presentation† (Oreilly, 2007; Sinclair, et al., 2006). On the other hand, the upgraded version known as Web 2.0 is characterized by the read-write interface where values emerge from the contribution of the larger viewers instead of the traditional command and control of information (Lytras, et al., 2008). The objectives of Web 2.0 are to enhance creativity, information sharing, and collaboration among users, such as the development of so-called web communities through various social networking sites, wikis, blogs, and folknomies (Zhang, 2008). Gossen (2011) has identified four key charac teristics of Web 2.0. He claims that web 2.0 fosters web presence on the web by allowing the option of regular updating, responding to, and even creating content under a user profile. Secondly, Web 2.0 allows personal modification of web-interface affecting the personal web experience of a single user with a 2.0-based website, and more notably, website contents are user generated often a result of collaboration between users and site developers. He also asserts that, Web 2.0 is about social participation through various web activities, such as ratings, rankings, commenting, feedback mechanisms, and others all aimed at interacting with other users. Aside from its

Telecommunication systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Telecommunication systems - Essay Example If telephone lines are used then serial access program are used to enable the communication of the computer with telephone line. Because the firm employees require voice transmission voIP system is necessary, this system helps set up and separate calls into audio codec’s. The speech is encoded to allow transmission over the IP network as an audio stream (Haykin, 2001). They help in data transfer, i.e. data reception and transmission between the terminus equipment. They enable in conversion of data from analogue to digital and vice versa, modems, microwave links, wireless link, repeaters hubs are all used in computer networking to enable data transfer. In the case of the medium sized firm modems and hubs can be used. This refers to the path/ medium used for data transmission. Most common data communication channels are copper wires, fiber optic cables, coaxial cable and microwave links. The most common types of communication channels are the simplex communication and duplex communication. This is the control software present in all computers and helps in controlling network functions and activities. In the case of the medium sized firm this will include application software to be used is run on the application server such as java application server, Microsoft platforms, Zend platforms etc. for the firm to implement WAN, application web server which accept HTTP program request from the user has to be used. web severs perform authentication, handling of file static and dynamic content, HTTP support through encrypted connections, data compression for transmission, virtual hosting bandwidth throttling among other functions. Exchange server such as the Microsoft exchange server aids in electronic mail exchange, support for web and mobile programs. The help in interconnecting computers within a small area. E.g. in this case the company with 20 – 50 employees, if all the employees have computers, these computers can be interlinked

Mild hypoxemia with a fully compensated respiratory acidosis

Mild hypoxemia with a fully compensated respiratory acidosis 92% 100%The following 5 ABG analyses were formulated using Pierces (2007) systematic analyses (p.55 60). Normal values according to Pierce are listed as follows: The systematic analysis is done by first looking at each number individually and labeling it. Second describing the adequacy of oxygenation by assessing PaO2 and SaO2. Pierce (2007) lists hypoxemia as mild ( ABG #1 FiO2 0.21 pH 7.40 Normal PaCO2 50 Acidemia PaO2 71 Hypoxemia HCO3 30.9 Alkalemia BE 5.0 Alkalemia SaO2 95.1 Normal Hb 12.9 Mr. Puffins PaO2 of 71 shows mild hypoxemia, with a SaO2 within normal limits. His pH of 7.40 is neutral and shows that his acid base status is within normal limits; however his PaCO2 of 50 demonstrates that he is acidotic and his elevated HCO3 indicates compensation is occurring. These results suggest Mr. Puffin has a mild hypoxemia with a fully compensated respiratory acidosis. His normal pH indicates full compensation is occurring, ABG#2 FiO2 0.50 pH 7.14 Acidemia PaCO2 127 Acidemia PaO2 44.2 Hypoxemia HCO3 41.6 Alkalemia BE 7.1 Alkalemia SaO2 69.2 Hypoxemia Hb 14.1 Mr. Puffins PaO2 and SaO2 show he has a severe hypoxemia. His pH of 7.14 is indicative that he is acidotic. His PaCO2 is elevated which shows the acidemia is respiratory in origin. The elevated HCO3 of 41.6 shows that metabolic compensation is occurring, therefore these results indicate Mr. Puffin has severe hypoxemia with a partially compensated respiratory acidosis. ABG #3 FiO2 0.40 pH 7.22 Acidemia PaCO2 99.6 Acidemia PaO2 45.3 Hypoxemia HCO3 39.9 Alkalemia BE 8.3 Alkalemia SaO2 Hb ABG #3 shows Mr. Puffins respiratory acidosis has improved due to BiPAP therapy. There is a slight increase in his PaO2 although it still shows severe hypoxemia. His pH has improved but still shows acidemia. PaCO2 has decreased due to BiPAP therapy but remains elevated and indicates respiratory remains his primary cause of acidosis. Mr. Puffins HCO3 is also still elevated indicative of partial compensation occurring. ABG #3 shows Mr. Puffin still remains severely hypoxic, with a partially compensated respiratory acidosis. ABG #4 FiO2 0.40 pH 7.32 Acidemia PaCO2 71.9 Acidemia PaO2 55.6 Hypoxemia HCO3 36.1 Alkalemia BE 8.0 Alkalemia SaO2 Hb ABG #4 shows further improvement in Mr. Puffins severe hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis. His PaO2 has increased further but still shows a severe hypoxemia. His pH although increased still suggests mild acidosis, as well as his PaCO2 of 71.9, although it has decreased, still indicates a respiratory origin. HCO3 remains elevated showing compensation is occurring; therefore Mr. Puffin still has severe hypoxemia with a partially compensated respiratory acidosis. ABG #5 FiO2 0.28 pH 7.00 Acidemia PaCO2 59.1 Acidemia PaO2 62.4 Hypoxemia HCO3 18 Acidemia BE -7.8 Acidemia SaO2 92% Hb 14.2 Mr. Puffins 5th ABG PaO2, indicates moderate hypoxemia. His pH is low and shows he is acidotic. An elevated PaCO2 suggests acidemia respiratory in nature. HCO3 is also low which also shows acidemia metabolic in nature. Mr. Puffin in ABG #5 has a moderate hypoxemia with a mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis confirmed by the decreased BE. Question Two: What type of respiratory failure does Mr. Puffin have? Provide a rationale for your answer based on the clinical information supplied. Differentiate between Type 1 and Type 2 Respiratory failure. Respiratory failure as described by Pierce (2007) is the absence of the normal homeostatic state of ventilation as it relates to acid base status of the blood and the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (p.181). Type 1 respiratory failure, Pierce (2007), describes as a failure to oxygenate or hypoxemic respiratory failure, categorized by a PaO2 of less than 60mm Hg on an FiO2 of more than 0.5, and Type 2 respiratory failure as failure to ventilate, also called ventilatory failure, hypercapnic respiratory failure, or respiratory pump failure, as a PaCO2 of greater than 50mm Hg, with a pH of 7.25 or less (p.181-182). In contrast to Pierces definition Hennessey Japp (2007) define respiratory failure as respiratory impairment. Hennessy Japp define type 1 respiratory impairment as low PaO2 with normal or low PaCO2 which implies defective oxygenation despite adequate ventilation and the PaCO2 is low due to compensatory hyperventilation (p.20). Hennessey Japp (2007), define type 2 respiratory impairment as a high PaCO2 (hypercapnia), and is due to inadequate alveolar ventilation, and since oxygenation also depends on ventilation, the PaO2 is usually low, but may be normal if the patient is on supplemental oxygen (p.22). Type 1 respiratory failure is most commonly caused by VQ mismatch, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, shunt and acute respiratory distress syndrome and initial treatment is aimed at achieving an adequate PaO2 and SaO2 with supplemental O2 while attempting to correct the underlying cause, Hennessey Japp (2007) p. 20. Type 2 respiratory failure is commonly caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, exhaustion, flail chest injury, opiate/benzodiazepine toxicity, neuromuscular disorders and obstructive sleep apnea, with clinical signs that include confusion, drowsiness. Based on the case study information it is evident Mr. Puffin has Type 2 respiratory failure. The diagnosis of type 2 respiratory failure could be made through the interpretation of ABG #2 as he has a decreased pH and elevated PaCO2 with hypoxemia. His presentation of his difficulty breathing, productive green cough, drowsiness and confusion are consistent with the presentation of an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to his previous diagnosis made by his doctor of emphysema. Question Three: What is BiPAP? BiPAP (Bi Level Positive Airway Pressure) is a form of non invasive mechanical ventilation commonly administered to patients with exacerbations of type 2 respiratory failure, that delivers two airway pressures through inspiration, (IPAP), and expiration, (EPAP) measured in cm H20. IPAP is the abbreviation for Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure and EPAP is the abbreviation for Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure. BiPAP is delivered to the patient through an appropriate bilevel ventilator eg Vision BiPAP, or Respironics BiPAP, through a nasal mask, full face mask, or total face mask. Describe the effects of BiPAP. In your answer consider its effects on airway pressures, the alveoli, the lung, and the cardiovascular and neurological systems. When BiPAP is administered to a patient with type 2 respiratory failure, during inspiration (IPAP) a higher level of positive airway pressure is delivered, increasing breath size, which helps to clear out carbon dioxide and assumes a fatigued patients work of breathing, and during expiration (EPAP) prevents atelectasis, recruits collapsed alveoli and enables gas exchange between breaths (Woodrow 2003). The difference between IPAP and EPAP is termed pressure support so for example if Mr. Puffin was commenced on 12 cm H20 IPAP and 6 cm H20 EPAP he would have 6 cm H20 being the being the difference between 12 and 6 of pressure support. Pressure support decreases the work of breathing by initiating breathing and increasing tidal volume. Question Four: Outline the clinical indications for the use of BiPAP in Mr Puffins case. Discuss the monitoring that would be required for the safe application of BiPAP. List the possible complications of BiPAP that may occur in Mr Puffins case.

Emily Bronte :: Essays Papers

Emily Bronte Emily Bronte was born on July 30th, 1818, the 5th child of the Reverend Patrick Bronte, a stern Evangelical curate, and his wife Maria. When Emily was three years old, her mother died of cancer, and her Aunt Branwell, a strict Calvinist, moved in to help raise the children. They lived in a parsonage in Haworth with the bleak moors of Yorkshire on one side and the parish graveyard on the other. When Emily was 6 years old she went to a boarding school run by charity. The students were kept hungry, cold, tired, and often ill. In 1825 Maria and Elizabeth both died of tuberculosis, the disease that was later to claim Emily's own life, and that of her younger sister Anne. Following these new bereavements, the surviving sisters Charlotte and Emily were taken home, but they would never forget the terrors and the hardship of their lives at school. Life at home was much better for Emily and her siblings. In their isolated childhood on the moors, they developed an extremely close relationship partly based on their mutual participation in a vibrant game of make-believe. They developed two empires. They were Angria and Gondal. She left home to be a governess in 1837 and to study in Belgium in 1842, but both times she found she was unable to bear being away from home and her beloved, wild countryside. In 1845 Charlotte, Emily, and Anne published a book of poetry under the names Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. They sold only two copies, but did not give up writing. Wuthering Heights was probably written in 1845. Wuthering Heights (by Ellis Bell), was published in 1847, and attracted considerable critical attention. Many people were shocked and horrified by sheer violence of Emily's novel. Emily Bronte :: Essays Papers Emily Bronte Emily Bronte was born on July 30th, 1818, the 5th child of the Reverend Patrick Bronte, a stern Evangelical curate, and his wife Maria. When Emily was three years old, her mother died of cancer, and her Aunt Branwell, a strict Calvinist, moved in to help raise the children. They lived in a parsonage in Haworth with the bleak moors of Yorkshire on one side and the parish graveyard on the other. When Emily was 6 years old she went to a boarding school run by charity. The students were kept hungry, cold, tired, and often ill. In 1825 Maria and Elizabeth both died of tuberculosis, the disease that was later to claim Emily's own life, and that of her younger sister Anne. Following these new bereavements, the surviving sisters Charlotte and Emily were taken home, but they would never forget the terrors and the hardship of their lives at school. Life at home was much better for Emily and her siblings. In their isolated childhood on the moors, they developed an extremely close relationship partly based on their mutual participation in a vibrant game of make-believe. They developed two empires. They were Angria and Gondal. She left home to be a governess in 1837 and to study in Belgium in 1842, but both times she found she was unable to bear being away from home and her beloved, wild countryside. In 1845 Charlotte, Emily, and Anne published a book of poetry under the names Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. They sold only two copies, but did not give up writing. Wuthering Heights was probably written in 1845. Wuthering Heights (by Ellis Bell), was published in 1847, and attracted considerable critical attention. Many people were shocked and horrified by sheer violence of Emily's novel.

Describe the Expectedm Pattern of Children and Young People’s Development from Bith to 19 Years Essay

From their first year babies will start to have more control – hold their head, roll over, sit up unaided, hold a rattle, put everything into their mouths and start to crawl. During their second year development and growth continues and most start to walk. They learn to control their movements and grab objects and food and start to play with toys. They will start to climb and learn to judge distances. Towards their third year, children will have lots more control as their muscles develop and their confidence grows. Feeding themselves, using a cup and showing an interest in dressing themselves, also able to grip pencils and turn pages in a book. | Babies from birth cry to communicate and react this way to sounds. They then begin to turn their heads in the direction of sounds and use their eyes to follow others. As babies develop they enjoy attention and learn to make noises other than crying and will start to laugh. By the age of one, most understand simple words like no and yes and their own name. They will start to follow simple instructions. Between one and two years children start to pronounce words and this will then start to increase rapidly. They watch everything going on around them and recognise people. Between two to three years children recognise the difference between you, me and I and start to ask lots of questions, they won’t always get grammar right. They enjoy songs and have favourite stories. | From birth dependant on adults for comfort which generally stops when cuddled. Babies respond to adults especially Mothers face and voice. Will start to smile after a few weeks and stare at faces. As they reach 6 months babies start to enjoy more interaction and perhaps play peek-a-boo and show affection. Between one and two years they may become anxious when separated from known adults, may use a comfort object and start to play alongside other children but not with. They show interest around them and greet know adults with pleasure. Need continuous attention as can get into mischief, does not understand danger. Will get frustrated with themselves if can’t do something they try to do. Two to three years sees a sense of own identity, likes to roll-play, sometimes reluctant to share. Prone to tantrums, can spoon feed themselves, joins in songs, can use sentences but may not always make sense. Ready to toilet train. | 3 – 7 years| Three to four years – more coordination over movements – jumping with feet together, walk on tip toes, using stairs, catching a gently thrown ball, climbing with confidence. At four to five years they learn to pedal a tricycle and have control with fine motor skills such as cutting and drawing, using scissors, holding pencils. By five their skills become refined. They can hop and kick a ball with aim, handle a pencil with more control and copy shapes and some letters. Six to seven years most children can skip, ride a bicycle, do up buttons, write, handle larger climbing equipment confidently. | From three to four years children can understand two to three simple commands at once. They sort objects by size, colour and draw some objects. Loves the same stories over and over, very inquisitive, will start to know colours. By age four their grammar improves and they ask more complex questions. They also have a sense of humour. Between five to seven they begin to understand about differences, can count up to 20, know their address. Also start to recognise written words and start to write words and sentences and make up stories. | Three to four years – play becomes more sociable and able to share. Starts to show sympathy towards others and become more cooperative – likes to help. Pretend play is more complex and self-motivated and behaviour is getting better. They feel more secure and able to cope with separation from family for periods of time. Between five to seven years children can brush their own teeth, dress and undress. Can make friends and is developing a sense of rules. They love learning about people and the real world. They need routine and structure. Can use a knife and fork and enjoy a little responsibility. | 7 – 12 years| Children can run, jump, climb, swing, hit a ball and enjoys team games by age 8. Can sometimes be unsure of their own ability. May start to have hobbies and interests and have skills required to learn an instrument. About the age of 10-11 girls may start to show early signs of puberty. | Most children will be fluent in language and can read to themselves and also out loud. They start to develop their own thoughts and preferences and are able to discuss ideas. They take a lively interest in certain subjects over others. They write descriptively and drawing is detailed. They need help with the complexities of spellings. | At seven, friendships will be more settled and tend to be in groups. Children around this age start to become less dependent on adults for close support and have an understanding about behaviour and what is acceptable. By eight, children will start to form close friendships. They form their own personalities. Towards 10 and above children start to become aware of their own gender, and what others may think of them. |